Read about Heart Diseases
Read about Heart Diseases
Definition
Heart disease a number of conditions that affect your heart is described. Diseases under the umbrella of heart disease include diseases of blood vessels such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and born heart defects (congenital heart defects), among others.
The term "heart disease" is often used interchangeably with the term "cardiovascular disease". Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke are blocked. Other heart diseases, such as those affecting the muscles, valves or rhythm of your heart, are also considered forms of heart disease.
Many forms of heart disease can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyles.
Symptoms.
Symptoms of heart disease depend on the type of heart disease that you have.
Symptoms of heart disease in the blood vessels (atherosclerotic disease)
Cardiovascular disease is caused by narrow, rigid or blocked blood vessels that prevent the heart, brain or other parts of your body get enough blood. symptoms of cardiovascular disease may be different for men and women. For example, men are more likely to have chest pain; women are more likely to have symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea and extreme fatigue.
Symptoms may include:
Chest pain (angina pectoris)
Shortness of breath
Pain, numbness, weakness or cold in the legs or arms if the blood vessels constrict in the parts of your body
Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back
You may not diagnose cardiovascular disease until there is a failure of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke or heart disease. It is important to note cardiovascular symptoms and discuss your concerns with your doctor. Cardiovascular disease can sometimes be found early with regular screenings.
Symptoms of heart disease caused by abnormal heartbeats (cardiac arrhythmias)
An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm. Your heart may beat too fast, too slow or irregular. cardiac arrhythmia symptoms may include:
Fluttering in your chest
rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
slow heart rate (bradycardia)
Chest pain or discomfort
Shortness of breath
daze
Dizziness
Fainting (syncope) or near fainting
Symptoms of heart disease caused by heart defects
Severe congenital heart defects - defects born - usually become evident shortly after birth. Symptoms of heart defects in children may include:
gray or pale blue skin (cyanosis) Color
Swelling in the legs, abdomen or areas around the eyes
In a baby, difficulty breathing during feeding, leading to poor weight gain
Less serious congenital heart defects often are not diagnosed until later in childhood or adulthood. Signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects that usually are not immediately life threatening include:
Easy to get shortness of breath during exercise or activity
Tiring easily during exercise or activity
Swelling of the hands, ankles or feet
Symptoms of heart disease caused by weak heart muscle (dilated cardiomyopathy)
Cardiomyopathy is the thickening and hardening of the heart muscle. In the early stages of cardiomyopathy, which may have no symptoms. As the disease worsens, symptoms may include:
Dyspnea with exertion or at rest
Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet
Fatigue
irregular heartbeats that feel rapid, pounding or fluttering
Lightheadedness, dizziness and fainting
symptoms of heart disease caused by infections of the heart
There are three types of heart infections:
Pericarditis, which affects the tissue surrounding the heart (pericardium)
Myocarditis, muscle which affects the middle layer of the heart wall (myocardium)
Endocarditis, which affects the inner membrane separating the chambers and heart valves (endocardium)
Varies slightly with each type of infection, symptoms of heart infection may include:
Fever
Shortness of breath
Weakness or fatigue
Swelling in the legs or abdomen
Changes in heart rhythm
dry or persistent cough
skin rash or unusual spots
Symptoms of heart disease caused by valvular heart disease
The heart has four valves - the aortic, mitral, tricuspid and pulmonary - which open and close to direct blood flow through the heart. The valves can be damaged by a variety of conditions that lead to narrowing (stenosis), leaking (regurgitation or insufficiency) or improper closing (prolapse).
Depending on the valve is not working, symptoms of valvular heart disease usually include correctly:
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Irregular heartbeat
swelling of feet or ankles
Chest pain
Fainting (syncope)
When to see a doctor
Seek emergency medical help if you have these symptoms of heart disease:
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Fainting
Heart disease is easier to treat if caught in time, so talk with your doctor about your concerns about heart health. If you are concerned about the development of heart disease, talk to your doctor about the steps you can take to reduce your risk of heart disease. This is especially important if you have a family history of heart disease.
If you think you may have heart disease, based on new signs or symptoms you have, make an appointment to see your doctor.
causes
Your heart is a pump. It is a muscular organ about the size of a fist, located slightly left of center in the chest. Your heart is divided into the right and the left. The division protects the oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood. Oxygen-poor blood back to the heart after circulating through the body.
The right side of the heart, comprising the atrium and right ventricle, collects and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.
The lungs refresh the blood with a fresh supply of oxygen. The lungs also breathe out carbon dioxide, a waste product.
oxygen-rich blood then enters the left side of the heart, comprising the left atrium, ventricle.
The left side of the heart pumps blood through the aorta to supply tissues throughout the body with oxygen and nutrients.
heart valves
Four valves within your heart keep blood moving in the right path by opening a road and only when necessary. To work properly, the valve must be formed correctly, you must open until the end and more firmly for leaks. The four valves are:
tricuspid
mitral
Pulmonary
Aortic
heartbeats
A heart contracts and relaxes strokes in a continuous cycle.
During contraction (systole), the ventricles contract, forcing blood into the vessels of the lungs and body.
During relaxation (diastole), ventricles fill with blood coming out of the (left and right atria) upper chambers.
Electric system
the electrical wiring in your heart is still beating, which controls the continuous exchange of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood. This exchange keeps you alive.
High electrical impulses start in the right atrium and travel through specialized pathways to the ventricles, delivering the signal for the heart to pump.
The conduction system keeps your heart beating at a normal pace and coordinated, which keeps the blood circulating.
Several causes of heart disease
The causes of the disease vary depending on the type of heart disease heart.
The causes of cardiovascular disease
While cardiovascular disease can refer to different problems of the heart or blood vessels, the term is often used to indicate damage to the heart or blood vessels by atherosclerosis (ath-ur o-skluh, ROE-sis), a accumulation of fatty plaques in your arteries. Accumulation of thick rigid walls of the arteries, which can inhibit the flow of blood through the arteries of the plate organs and tissues.
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease. This can be caused by correctable problems such as an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, obesity and smoking.
The causes of heart arrhythmia
Common causes of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or conditions that can lead to arrhythmias include:
Heart defects born with (congenital heart defects)
Coronary artery disease
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Of smoking
Excessive use of alcohol or caffeine
Drugs abuse
Stress
Some nonprescription drugs, prescription drugs, dietary supplements and herbal remedies
valvular heart disease
In a healthy person with a normal, healthy heart, it is unlikely that a fatal to develop without some external trigger, like an electric shock or the use of illegal drugs arrhythmia. That's mainly because the heart of a healthy person is free of any abnormal conditions that cause an arrhythmia, as an area of scar tissue.
However, in a heart that is sick or deformed, the electrical impulses of the heart can not function properly or traveling through the heart, so the more likely to develop arrhythmias.
The causes of congenital heart defects
Heart defects usually develop while the baby is in the womb. Heart defects can develop during heart development, about a month after conception, changing blood flow in the heart. Some medical conditions, medications and genes may play a role in causing heart defects.
Heart defects may also develop in adults. As you age, your heart's structure may change, causing a heart defect.
The causes of cardiomyopathy
The cause of cardiomyopathy, a thickening or enlargement of the heart muscle, may depend on the type:
Dilated cardiomyopathy. The cause of this most common type of cardiomyopathy is often unknown. It can be caused by the flow of blood to the heart (ischemic heart disease), infections, toxins and certain medications. It can also be inherited from a parent. Usually it enlarges (expands) the left ventricle.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This type, in which the heart muscle becomes too thick is usually inherited. You can also develop over time due to high blood pressure or aging.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy. This less common type of cardiomyopathy, which causes the heart muscle to become rigid and less elastic, can occur for no known reason. Or that is caused by diseases such as connective tissue diseases or excessive accumulation of iron in the body (hemochromatosis), or by some cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation.
The causes of heart infection
heart infections, endocarditis and pericarditis myocarditis are caused when an irritant, such as a bacterium, virus or chemical reaches the heart muscle. The most common causes of heart infections include:
the bacteria
The virus
vermin
The causes of valvular heart disease
There are many causes of diseases of the heart valves. You may be born with valve disease or valve can be damaged by conditions such as:
Treatment
treatments for heart disease may vary by state. For example, if you have a heart infection, it is likely to be administered antibiotics. In general, treatment for heart disease usually include:
Changes in lifestyle. These include eating a low-fat and low-sodium diet, at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.
The drugs. If lifestyle changes are not enough, your doctor may prescribe medications to control their heart disease. The type of medication depends on the type of heart disease.
medical or surgical procedures. If medications are not enough, it is possible that your doctor will recommend specific procedures or surgery. The type of procedure depends on the type of heart disease and the extent of damage to the heart.
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